Keyboard shortcuts for SmartArt graphics

Insert a SmartArt graphic in a Office document

1.     In the Microsoft Office program where you want to insert the graphic, press ALT, then N, and then M to open the SmartArt Graphic dialog box.

2.     Press UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW to select the type of graphic that you want.

3.     Press TAB to move to the Layout task pane.

4.     Press the arrow keys to select the layout that you want.

5.     Press ENTER to insert the selected layout.

Work with shapes in a SmartArt graphic

To do this	Press
Select the next element in a SmartArt graphic.	TAB
Select the previous element in a SmartArt graphic.	SHIFT+TAB
Select all shapes.	CTRL+A
Remove focus from the selected shape.	ESC
Nudge the selected shape up.	UP ARROW
Nudge the selected shape down.	DOWN ARROW
Nudge the selected shape left.	LEFT ARROW
Nudge the selected shape right.	RIGHT ARROW
Edit text in the selected shape.	ENTER or F2
Delete the selected shape.	DELETE or BACKSPACE
Cut the selected shape.	CTRL+X or SHIFT+DELETE
Copy the selected shape.	CTRL+C
Paste the contents of the Clipboard.	CTRL+V
Undo the last action.	CTRL+Z

Move and resize shapes in a SmartArt graphic

To do this	Press
Enlarge the selected shape horizontally.	SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Reduce the selected shape horizontally.	SHIFT+LEFT ARROW
Enlarge the selected shape vertically.	SHIFT+UP ARROW
Reduce the selected shape vertically.	SHIFT+DOWN ARROW
Rotate the selected shape to the right.	ALT+RIGHT ARROW
Rotate the selected shape to the left.	ALT+LEFT ARROW

 Notes 

  To apply more precise adjustments to shapes, press the CTRL key in addition to any of the above keyboard shortcuts.

  These keyboard shortcuts apply to multiple selections as if you selected each item individually.

Work with text in a SmartArt graphic

To do this	Press
Move one character to the left.	LEFT ARROW
Move one character to the right.	RIGHT ARROW
Move up one line.	UP ARROW
Move down one line.	DOWN ARROW
Move one word to the left.	CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move one word to the right.	CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move one paragraph up.	CTRL+UP ARROW
Move one paragraph down.	CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move to the end of a line.	END
Move to the beginning of a line.	HOME
Move to the end of a text box.	CTRL+END
Move to the beginning of a text box.	CTRL+HOME
Cut selected text.	CTRL+X
Copy selected text.	CTRL+C
Paste selected text.	CTRL+V
Undo the last action.	CTRL+Z
Delete one character to the left.	BACKSPACE
Delete one word to the left.	CTRL+BACKSPACE
Delete one character to the right.	DELETE
Delete one word to the right.	CTRL+DELETE
Promote the selected text.	ALT+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW
Demote the selected text.	ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Check the spelling (not available in Word).	F7

Apply character formatting

To do this	Press
Open the Font dialog box.	CTRL+SHIFT+F or CTRL+SHIFT+P
Increase the font size of the selected text.	CTRL+SHIFT+>
Decrease the font size of the selected text.	CTRL+SHIFT+<
Switch the case of selected text (lower case, Title Case, UPPER CASE).	SHIFT+F3
Apply bold formatting to the selected text.	CTRL+B
Apply an underline to the selected text (not available in Word).	CTRL+U
Apply italic formatting to the selected text.	CTRL+I
Apply subscript formatting to the selected text.	CTRL+EQUAL SIGN
Apply superscript formatting to the selected text.	CTRL+SHIFT+PLUS SIGN
Adjust the superscript/subscript offset up.	CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+>
Adjust the superscript/subscript offset down.	CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+<
Remove all character formatting from the selected text.	CTRL+SPACEBAR

Copy text formatting

To do this	Press
Copy formatting from the selected text.	CTRL+SHIFT+C
Paste formatting to the selected text.	CTRL+SHIFT+V

Apply paragraph formatting

To do this	Press
Center a paragraph.	CTRL+E
Justify a paragraph.	CTRL+J
Left align a paragraph.	CTRL+L
Right align a paragraph.	CTRL+R
Demote a bullet point.	TAB or ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Promote a bullet point.	SHIFT+TAB or ALT+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Use the Textpane

To do this	Press
Merge two lines of text.	DELETE at the end of the first line of text
Display the shortcut menu.	SHIFT+F10
Switch between the Text pane and the drawing canvas.	CTRL+SHIFT+F2
Close the Text pane.	ALT+F4
Switch the focus from the Text pane to the border of the SmartArt graphic.	ESC
Open the SmartArt graphics Help topic. (Your pointer should be in the Text pane.)	CTRL+SHIFT+F1

Change the style and width of lines connecting SmartArt shapes - Apply an effect to a line

Apply an effect to a line

Select the line within the SmartArt graphic.
To change multiple lines, click the first line, and then press and hold CTRL while you click the additional lines.

Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Effects.

Change the style and width of lines connecting SmartArt shapes

Change the color or style of a line

• Select the line within the SmartArt graphic. 

To change multiple lines, click the first line, and then press and hold CTRL while you click the additional lines.

• Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Outline.

The Format tab under SmartArt Tools.

If you do not see the SmartArt Tools or Format tabs, make sure that you selected a SmartArt graphic. You might have to double-click the SmartArt to open the Format tab.

Do one of the following:

1. Select a color from Theme Colors or Standard Colors.

Tip  To customize your line even further, click More Outline Colors, and then select the exact shade and transparency that you want.

1. Click Weight, and then select a width for the line., or click More Lines to specify your own width.
2. Click Dashes, and then select a line style from the list, or click More Lines to create your own style.
3. Click Arrows, and then select an arrow head from the list, or click More Arrows to customize the arrow.

Tip  Use dotted lines in a hierarchy or radial diagram to show different types of relationship.

Remove invisible digital signatures from Word, Excel, or PowerPoint

1. Open the document, worksheet, or presentation that contains the invisible signature you want to remove.
2. Click the File tab. The Backstage view appears.
3. Click Info.
4. Click View Signatures.
5. The document, worksheet, or presentation view returns, and the Signatures pane appears.
6. Next to the signature name, click the arrow.
7. From the menu, select Remove Signature.
8. Click Yes.

Add invisible digital signatures in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint

To protect the authenticity of a document's content, you can add an invisible digital signature. Signed documents will have the Signatures button at the bottom of the document. In addition, for signed documents, signature information appears in the Info section of the Backstage view.

1. Click the File tab. The Backstage view appears.
2. Click Info.
3. In the Permissions section, click Protect Document, Protect Workbook or Protect Presentation.
4. From the menu, select Add a Digital Signature.
5. Read the Microsoft Word, Excel, or PowerPoint message, and then click OK.
6. On the Sign dialog, in the Purpose for signing this document box, type the purpose.
7. Click Sign.

After a file is digitally signed, the Signatures button appears, and the file becomes read-only to prevent modifications.

The following image shows the Protect Document options.

Sign the signature line in Word or Excel

When you sign a signature line, you add a visible representation of your signature and a digital signature.

1. In the file, right-click the signature line.

 Note    If the file opens in Protected View, click Edit Anyway, if the file is from a reliable source.

2. From the menu, select Sign.

• To add a printed version of your signature, type your name in the box next to the X.
• The signature line
• To select an image of your written signature, click Select Image. In the Select Signature Image dialog box, find the location of your signature image file, select the file that you want, and then click Select.

 Notes

For customers using Chinese- (Traditional or Simplified), Korean-, or Japanese-language versions, the Stamp Signature Line option appears.

In addition, you can sign a signature line by double-clicking the signature line. Type your name next to the X. Or, in the Signature Pane, in the Requested Signatures section, click the arrow next to the signature. From the menu, select Sign.

• To add a handwritten signature (Tablet PC users only), sign your name in the box next to the X by using the inking feature.
• Click Sign.
• The red Signatures button appears at the bottom of the document or worksheet.

The following image shows the Signatures button.

Create a signature line in Word or Excel

1. In the document or worksheet, place your pointer where you want to create a signature line.
2. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click the Signature Line list, and then click Microsoft Office Signature Line.
3. In the Signature Setup dialog box, type information that will appear beneath the signature line:

• Suggested signer   The signer's full name.
• Suggested signer's title   The signer's title, if any.
• Suggested signer's e-mail address   The signer's e-mail address, if needed.
• Instructions to the signer   Add instructions for the signer.
• Allow the signer to add comments in the Sign dialog   Allow the signer to type a purpose for signing.
• Show sign date in signature line   Signature date will appear with signature.

     4.Click OK.

The following image shows the Signature Setup dialog.

Tip  To add additional signature lines, repeat these steps.

Note    If the document remains unsigned, the Signatures Message Bar appears. Click the View Signatures button to complete the signature process. Or, in the bar, click the link to go to the Microsoft Backstage view to learn more about permissions, distribution, and versions of this document.

The following image shows the View Signatures button on the Message Bar.

Signature lines in Word and Excel

A signature line resembles a typical signature placeholder that might appear in a printed document. However, it works differently. When a signature line is inserted into an Office file, the author can specify information about the intended signer, and instructions for the signer. When an electronic copy of the file is sent to the intended signer, this person sees the signature line and a notification that their signature is requested. The signer can:

• type a signature,
• select a signature digital image, or
• write a signature by using the inking feature of the Tablet PC.

When the signer adds a visible representation of a signature to the document, a digital signature is added at the same time to authenticate the signer's identity.

Important  A digitally-signed document becomes read-only to prevent modifications.

The following image shows the Message Bar alerting you to a signed document in read-only mode.

Reducing risk with digital signatures

Using signature lines in Office 2010 files makes it possible for organizations to reduce risk when you use electronic transactions and to streamline paper processes for contracts or other agreements. Digital signatures provide a record of exactly what was signed and can be verified in the future.

When the signer adds a visible signature to the document, a digital signature is added at the same time to authenticate identity. After a document is digitally signed, it becomes read-only to prevent modifications.

Text Import Wizard

You can use Microsoft Excel to import data from a text file into a worksheet. The Text Import Wizard examines the text file that you are importing and helps you ensure that the data is imported in the way that you want.

Note  To start the Text Import Wizard, on the Data tab, in the Get External Data group, click From Text. Then, in the Import Text File dialog box, double-click the text file that you want to import.

Step 1 of 3

Original data type  If items in the text file are separated by tabs, colons, semicolons, spaces, or other characters, select Delimited. If all of the items in each column are the same length, select Fixed width.

Start import at row  Type or select a row number to specify the first row of the data that you want to import.

File origin  Select the character set that is used in the text file. In most cases, you can leave this setting at its default. If you know that the text file was created by using a different character set than the character set that you are using on your computer, you should change this setting to match that character set. For example, if your computer is set to use character set 1251 (Cyrillic, Windows), but you know that the file was produced by using character set 1252 (Western European, Windows), you should set File Origin to 1252.

Preview of file  This box displays the text as it will appear when it is separated into columns on the worksheet.

Step 2 of 3 (Delimited data)

Delimiters  Select the character that separates values in your text file. If the character is not listed, select the Other check box, and then type the character in the box that contains the cursor. These options are not available if your data type is Fixed width.

Treat consecutive delimiters as one  Select this check box if your data contains a delimiter of more than one character between data fields or if your data contains multiple custom delimiters.

Text qualifier  Select the character that encloses values in your text file. When Excel encounters the text qualifier character, all of the text that follows that character and precedes the next occurrence of that character is imported as one value, even if the text contains a delimiter character. For example, if the delimiter is a comma (,) and the text qualifier is a quotation mark ("), "Dallas, Texas" is imported into one cell as Dallas, Texas. If no character or the apostrophe (') is specified as the text qualifier, "Dallas, Texas" is imported into two adjacent cells as "Dallas and Texas".

If the delimiter character occurs between text qualifiers, Excel omits the qualifiers in the imported value. If no delimiter character occurs between text qualifiers, Excel includes the qualifier character in the imported value. Hence, "Dallas Texas" (using the quotation mark text qualifier) is imported into one cell as "Dallas Texas".

Data preview  Review the text in this box to verify that the text will be separated into columns on the worksheet as you want it.

Step 2 of 3 (Fixed width data)

Data preview  Set field widths in this section. Click the preview window to set a column break, which is represented by a vertical line. Double-click a column break to remove it, or drag a column break to move it.

Step 3 of 3

Click the Advanced button to do one or more of the following:

Specify the type of decimal and thousands separators that are used in the text file. When the data is imported into Excel, the separators will match those that are specified for your location in Regional and Language Options or Regional Settings (Windows Control Panel).
Specify that one or more numeric values may contain a trailing minus sign.

Column data format  Click the data format of the column that is selected in the Data preview section. If you do not want to import the selected column, click Do not import column (skip).

After you select a data format option for the selected column, the column heading under Data preview displays the format. If you select Date, select a date format in the Date box.

Choose the data format that closely matches the preview data so that Excel can convert the imported data correctly. For example:

To convert a column of all currency number characters to the Excel Currency format, select General.
To convert a column of all number characters to the Excel Text format, select Text.
To convert a column of all date characters, each date in the order of year, month, and day, to the Excel Date format, select Date, and then select the date type of YMD in the Date box.
Excel will import the column as General if the conversion could yield unintended results. For example:

If the column contains a mix of formats, such as alphabetical and numeric characters, Excel converts the column to General.
If, in a column of dates, each date is in the order of year, month, and date, and you select Date along with a date type of MDY, Excel converts the column to General format. A column that contains date characters must closely match an Excel built-in date or custom date formats.
If Excel does not convert a column to the format that you want, you can convert the data after you import it.

List of Excel worksheet functions (alphabetical)

Function name		Type and description
ABS function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the absolute value of a number
ACCRINT function	Financial:  Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM function	Financial:  Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
ACOS function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
AGGREGATE function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns an aggregate in a list or database
ADDRESS function	Lookup and reference:  Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet
AMORDEGRC function	Financial:  Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC function	Financial:  Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
AND function	Logical:  Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE
AREAS function	Lookup and reference:  Returns the number of areas in a reference
ASC function	Text:  Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters
ASIN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2 function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
AVEDEV function	Statistical:  Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE function	Statistical:  Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA function	Statistical:  Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
AVERAGEIF function	Statistical:  Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria
AVERAGEIFS function	Statistical:  Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.
BAHTTEXT function	Text:  Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format
BESSELI function	Engineering:  Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ function	Engineering:  Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK function	Engineering:  Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY function	Engineering:  Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BETADIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETA.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETAINV function	Compatibility:  Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BETA.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BIN2DEC function	Engineering:  Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX function	Engineering:  Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT function	Engineering:  Converts a binary number to octal
BINOMDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
BINOM.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
BINOM.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
CALL function	Add-in and Automation:  Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource
	Note  This function is not available in Microsoft Excel Starter 2010
	For more information about the features available in Excel Starter, see Excel Starter feature support.
CEILING function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
CELL function	Information:  Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell
CHAR function	Text:  Returns the character specified by the code number
CHIDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHIINV function	Compatibility:  Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST function	Compatibility:  Returns the test for independence
CHISQ.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
CHISQ.DIST.RT function	Statistical:  Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHISQ.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
CHISQ.INV.RT function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHISQ.TEST function	Statistical:  Returns the test for independence
CHOOSE function	Lookup and reference:  Chooses a value from a list of values
CLEAN function	Text:  Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE function	Text:  Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string
COLUMN function	Lookup and reference:  Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS function	Lookup and reference:  Returns the number of columns in a reference
COMBIN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COMPLEX function	Engineering:  Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
CONCATENATE function	Text:  Joins several text items into one text item
CONFIDENCE function	Compatibility:  Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CONFIDENCE.NORM function	Statistical:  Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CONFIDENCE.T function	Statistical:  Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student's t distribution
CONVERT function	Engineering:  Converts a number from one measurement system to another
CORREL function	Statistical:  Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets
COS function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the cosine of a number
COSH function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COUNT function	Statistical:  Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments
COUNTA function	Statistical:  Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
COUNTBLANK function	Statistical:  Counts the number of blank cells within a range
COUNTIF function	Statistical:  Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria
COUNTIFS function	Statistical:  Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria
COUPDAYBS function	Financial:  Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS function	Financial:  Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC function	Financial:  Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD function	Financial:  Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM function	Financial:  Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD function	Financial:  Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
COVAR function	Compatibility:  Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
COVARIANCE.P function	Statistical:  Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
COVARIANCE.S function	Statistical:  Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets
CRITBINOM function	Compatibility:  Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
CUBEKPIMEMBER function	Cube:  Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization's performance.
CUBEMEMBER function	Cube:  Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY function	Cube:  Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.
CUBERANKEDMEMBER function	Cube:  Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.
CUBESET function	Cube:  Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Excel.
CUBESETCOUNT function	Cube:  Returns the number of items in a set.
CUBEVALUE function	Cube:  Returns an aggregated value from a cube.
CUMIPMT function	Financial:  Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC function	Financial:  Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
DATE function	Date and time:  Returns the serial number of a particular date
DATEVALUE function	Date and time:  Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAVERAGE function	Database:  Returns the average of selected database entries
DAY function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a day of the month
DAYS360 function	Date and time:  Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
DB function	Financial:  Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method
DCOUNT function	Database:  Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
DCOUNTA function	Database:  Counts nonblank cells in a database
DDB function	Financial:  Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify
DEC2BIN function	Engineering:  Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX function	Engineering:  Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT function	Engineering:  Converts a decimal number to octal
DEGREES function	Math and trigonometry:  Converts radians to degrees
DELTA function	Engineering:  Tests whether two values are equal
DEVSQ function	Statistical:  Returns the sum of squares of deviations
DGET function	Database:  Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DISC function	Financial:  Returns the discount rate for a security
DMAX function	Database:  Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN function	Database:  Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DOLLAR function	Text:  Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format
DOLLARDE function	Financial:  Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR function	Financial:  Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DPRODUCT function	Database:  Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database
DSTDEV function	Database:  Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP function	Database:  Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries
DSUM function	Database:  Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria
DURATION function	Financial:  Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
DVAR function	Database:  Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP function	Database:  Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries
EDATE function	Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date
EFFECT function	Financial:  Returns the effective annual interest rate
EOMONTH function	Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months
ERF function	Engineering:  Returns the error function
ERF.PRECISE function	Engineering:  Returns the error function
ERFC function	Engineering:  Returns the complementary error function
ERFC.PRECISE function	Engineering:  Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity
ERROR.TYPE function	Information:  Returns a number corresponding to an error type
EUROCONVERT function	Add-in and Automation:  Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).
	Note  This function is not available in Excel Starter 2010
	For more information about the features available in Excel Starter, see Excel Starter feature support.
EVEN function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXACT function	Text:  Checks to see if two text values are identical
EXP function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns e raised to the power of a given number
EXPON.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the exponential distribution
EXPONDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the exponential distribution
FACT function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the double factorial of a number
FALSE function	Logical:  Returns the logical value FALSE
F.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the F probability distribution
FDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the F probability distribution
F.DIST.RT function	Statistical:  Returns the F probability distribution
FIND, FINDB functions	Text:  Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
F.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
F.INV.RT function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FINV function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FISHER function	Statistical:  Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
FIXED function	Text:  Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals
FLOOR function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number down, toward zero
FLOOR.PRECISE function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
FORECAST function	Statistical:  Returns a value along a linear trend
FREQUENCY function	Statistical:  Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array
F.TEST function	Statistical:  Returns the result of an F-test
FTEST function	Compatibility:
FV function	Financial:  Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE function	Financial:  Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
GAMMA.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMADIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMA.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMAINV function	Compatibility:  Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMALN function	Statistical:  Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GAMMALN.PRECISE function	Statistical:  Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GCD function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the greatest common divisor
GEOMEAN function	Statistical:  Returns the geometric mean
GESTEP function	Engineering:  Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value
GETPIVOTDATA function	Add-in and Automation:  Returns data stored in a PivotTable report
GROWTH function	Statistical:  Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN function	Statistical:  Returns the harmonic mean
HEX2BIN function	Engineering:  Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC function	Engineering:  Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT function	Engineering:  Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
HLOOKUP function	Lookup and reference:  Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell
HOUR function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to an hour
HYPERLINK function	Lookup and reference:  Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet
HYPGEOM.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the hypergeometric distribution
HYPGEOMDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the hypergeometric distribution
IF function	Logical:  Specifies a logical test to perform
IFERROR function	Logical:  Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula
IMABS function	Engineering:  Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number
IMAGINARY function	Engineering:  Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMARGUMENT function	Engineering:  Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE function	Engineering:  Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
IMCOS function	Engineering:  Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMDIV function	Engineering:  Returns the quotient of two complex numbers
IMEXP function	Engineering:  Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN function	Engineering:  Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10 function	Engineering:  Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2 function	Engineering:  Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER function	Engineering:  Returns a complex number raised to an integer power
IMPRODUCT function	Engineering:  Returns the product of complex numbers
IMREAL function	Engineering:  Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
IMSIN function	Engineering:  Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSQRT function	Engineering:  Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB function	Engineering:  Returns the difference between two complex numbers
IMSUM function	Engineering:  Returns the sum of complex numbers
INDEX function	Lookup and reference:  Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array
INDIRECT function	Lookup and reference:  Returns a reference indicated by a text value
INFO function	Information:  Returns information about the current operating environment
INT function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
INTERCEPT function	Statistical:  Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
INTRATE function	Financial:  Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT function	Financial:  Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR function	Financial:  Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISBLANK function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A
ISERROR function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISLOGICAL function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISREF function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT function	Information:  Returns TRUE if the value is text
ISPMT function	Financial:  Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
JIS function	Text:  Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters
KURT function	Statistical:  Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LARGE function	Statistical:  Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LCM function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the least common multiple
LEFT, LEFTB functions	Text:  Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN, LENB functions	Text:  Returns the number of characters in a text string
LINEST function	Statistical:  Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10 function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
LOGEST function	Statistical:  Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV function	Compatibility:  Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution
LOGNORM.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
LOGNORM.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution
LOOKUP function	Lookup and reference:  Looks up values in a vector or array
LOWER function	Text:  Converts text to lowercase
MATCH function	Lookup and reference:  Looks up values in a reference or array
MAX function	Statistical:  Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
MAXA function	Statistical:  Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MDETERM function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MDURATION function	Financial:  Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MEDIAN function	Statistical:  Returns the median of the given numbers
MID, MIDB functions	Text:  Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify
MIN function	Statistical:  Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
MINA function	Statistical:  Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MINUTE function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a minute
MINVERSE function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MIRR function	Financial:  Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
MMULT function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the remainder from division
MODE function	Compatibility:  Returns the most common value in a data set
MODE.MULT function	Statistical:  Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data
MODE.SNGL function	Statistical:  Returns the most common value in a data set
MONTH function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a month
MROUND function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
N function	Information:  Returns a value converted to a number
NA function	Information:  Returns the error value #N/A
NEGBINOM.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the negative binomial distribution
NEGBINOMDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the negative binomial distribution
NETWORKDAYS function	Date and time:  Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates
NETWORKDAYS.INTL function	Date and time:  Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days
NOMINAL function	Financial:  Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NORM.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORM.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORMINV function	Compatibility:  Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORM.S.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORM.S.INV function	RStatistical:  eturns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSINV function	Compatibility:  Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
NOT function	Logical:  Reverses the logic of its argument
NOW function	Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the current date and time
NPER function	Financial:  Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV function	Financial:  Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
OCT2BIN function	Engineering:  Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC function	Engineering:  Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX function	Engineering:  Converts an octal number to hexadecimal
ODD function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
ODDFPRICE function	Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD function	Financial:  Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE function	Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD function	Financial:  Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
OFFSET function	Lookup and reference:  Returns a reference offset from a given reference
OR function	Logical:  Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
PEARSON function	Statistical:  Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE.EXC function	Statistical:  Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive
PERCENTILE.INC function	Statistical:  Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTILE function	Compatibility:  Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTRANK.EXC function	Statistical:  Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set
PERCENTRANK.INC function	Statistical:  Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERCENTRANK function	Compatibility:  Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERMUT function	Statistical:  Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
PHONETIC function	Text:  Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string
PI function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the value of pi
PMT function	Financial:  Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
POISSON.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the Poisson distribution
POISSON function	Compatibility:  Returns the Poisson distribution
POWER function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PPMT function	Financial:  Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE function	Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC function	Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT function	Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PROB function	Statistical:  Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits
PRODUCT function	Math and trigonometry:  Multiplies its arguments
PROPER function	Text:  Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
PV function	Financial:  Returns the present value of an investment
QUARTILE function	Compatibility:  Returns the quartile of a data set
QUARTILE.EXC function	Statistical:  Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive
QUARTILE.INC function	Statistical:  Returns the quartile of a data set
QUOTIENT function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS function	Math and trigonometry:  Converts degrees to radians
RAND function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
RANK.AVG function	Statistical:  Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RANK.EQ function	Statistical:  Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RANK function	Compatibility:  Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RATE function	Financial:  Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED function	Financial:  Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
REGISTER.ID function	Add-in and Automation:  Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered
	Note  This function is not available in Excel Starter 2010
	For more information about the features available in Excel Starter, see Excel Starter feature support.
REPLACE, REPLACEB functions	Text:  Replaces characters within text
REPT function	Text:  Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT, RIGHTB functions	Text:  Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
ROMAN function	Math and trigonometry:  Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP function	Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number up, away from zero
ROW function	Lookup and reference:  Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS function	Lookup and reference:  Returns the number of rows in a reference
RSQ function	Statistical:  Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
RTD function	Lookup and reference:  Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation (Automation: A way to work with an application's objects from another application or development tool. Formerly called OLE Automation, Automation is an industry standard and a feature of the Component Object Model (COM).)
	Note  This function is not available in Excel Starter 2010
	For more information about the features available in Excel Starter, see Excel Starter feature support.
SEARCH, SEARCHB functions	Text:  Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)
SECOND function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a second
SERIESSUM function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SIGN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sign of a number
SIN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SKEW function	Statistical:  Returns the skewness of a distribution
SLN function	Financial:  Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SLOPE function	Statistical:  Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL function	Statistical:  Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
SQL.REQUEST function	Add-in and Automation:  Connects with an external data source and runs a query from a worksheet, then returns the result as an array without the need for macro programming
	Note  This function is not available in Excel Starter 2010
	For more information about the features available in Excel Starter, see Excel Starter feature support.
SQRT function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the square root of (number * pi)
STANDARDIZE function	Statistical:  Returns a normalized value
STDEV function	Compatibility:  Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEV.P function	Statistical:  Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEV.S function	Statistical:  Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEVA function	Statistical:  Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP function	Compatibility:  Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEVPA function	Statistical:  Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX function	Statistical:  Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
SUBSTITUTE function	Text:  Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
SUBTOTAL function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM function	Math and trigonometry:  Adds its arguments
SUMIF function	Math and trigonometry:  Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMIFS function	Math and trigonometry:  Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2 function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2 function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2 function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
SYD function	Financial:  Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
T function	Text:  Converts its arguments to text
TAN function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the tangent of a number
TANH function	Math and trigonometry:  Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TBILLEQ function	Financial:  Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE function	Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD function	Financial:  Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
T.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution
T.DIST.2T function	Statistical:  Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution
T.DIST.RT function	Statistical:  Returns the Student's t-distribution
TDIST function	Compatibility:  Returns the Student's t-distribution
TEXT function	Text:  Formats a number and converts it to text
TIME function	Date and time:  Returns the serial number of a particular time
TIMEVALUE function	Date and time:  Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number
T.INV function	Statistical:  Returns the t-value of the Student's t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom
T.INV.2T function	Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution
TINV function	Compatibility:  Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution
TODAY function	Date and time:  Returns the serial number of today's date
TRANSPOSE function	Lookup and reference:  Returns the transpose of an array
TREND function	Statistical:  Returns values along a linear trend
TRIM function	Text:  Removes spaces from text
TRIMMEAN function	Statistical:  Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TRUE function	Logical:  Returns the logical value TRUE
TRUNC function	Math and trigonometry:  Truncates a number to an integer
T.TEST function	Statistical:  Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test
TTEST function	Compatibility:  Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test
TYPE function	Information:  Returns a number indicating the data type of a value
UPPER function	Text:  Converts text to uppercase
VALUE function	Text:  Converts a text argument to a number
VAR function	Compatibility:  Estimates variance based on a sample
VAR.P function	Statistical:  Calculates variance based on the entire population
VAR.S function	Statistical:  Estimates variance based on a sample
VARA function	Statistical:  Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
VARP function	Compatibility:  Calculates variance based on the entire population
VARPA function	Statistical:  Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
VDB function	Financial:  Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method
VLOOKUP function	Lookup and reference:  Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
WEEKDAY function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a day of the week
WEEKNUM function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WEIBULL function	Compatibility:  Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
WEIBULL.DIST function	Statistical:  Returns the Weibull distribution
WORKDAY function	Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays
WORKDAY.INTL function	Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days
XIRR function	Financial:  Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XNPV function	Financial:  Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
YEAR function	Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC function	Date and time:  Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date
YIELD function	Financial:  Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC function	Financial:  Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT function	Financial:  Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Z.TEST function	Statistical:  Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
ZTEST function	Compatibility:  Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test